Yes, some studies have found that genetics may play a role in the development of spinal stenosis.

However, researchers agree that more studies are needed to better understand the role of genetics in spinal stenosis, as many factors contribute to the condition.

A 2022 review found that specific gene mutations may be associated with key mechanisms, pathologies, or risk factors that contribute to spinal stenosis (spinal cord compression). These include:

  • Posterior longitudinal ligament ossification: Mutations in the TGF-β1 and BMP2 genes may cause the specific ligaments in the spine to ossify and harden into bone.
  • Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and ossification: Mutations in the TGF-β1 gene may also cause the ligamentum flavum to stiffen and harden.
  • Facet joint osteoarthritis: Mutations in the TGF-β1 and FOXC1 genes may cause degeneration of the cartilage in the facet joints, which connect the vertebrae in your spine.
  • Herniated disc: Mutations in the COL1A1 gene may contribute to the development of an intervertebral disc herniation.
  • Achondroplasia: Mutations in the FGFR3 gene are associated with achondroplasia, a genetic condition that can lead to spinal stenosis.

According to the review authors, the first four pathologies may lead to spinal stenosis through structural degeneration, whereas achondroplasia is a congenital condition that directly affects skeletal growth.

A small 2024 study also found that mutations in the IL3RA gene might be responsible for spinal stenosis in four out of seven family members. The researchers speculated that IL3RA genetic mutations may contribute to bone degeneration, but concluded that further research is needed to better understand the potential link.

Yes, some research found that several genetic conditions were associated with congenital cervical stenosis (CSS). CSS is a type of spinal stenosis that affects the neck and begins at birth.

Some genetic conditions that may cause CSS include:

If your child is born with a genetic condition associated with CSS, speak with a pediatrician about symptoms to watch for and how to manage them.

You may also wish to speak with a doctor about genetic testing and the possibility of inheritance if you have spinal stenosis and are thinking of having kids.