Benzoyl peroxide is a medication that can treat different types of acne. Keep reading for side effects, application, and when to see a doctor.
Benzoyl peroxide is a well-known ingredient for fighting acne. It is available in different concentrations in over-the-counter (OTC) gels, cleansers, and spot treatments for mild to moderate breakouts.
While benzoyl peroxide can effectively remove bacteria and dead skin cells that clog pores, it has limitations.
Benzoyl peroxide for pimples
Benzoyl peroxide works particularly well for inflammatory acne, which is characterized by red bumps that contain pus — pustules, papules, cysts, and nodules — instead of whiteheads and blackheads.
Benzoyl peroxide for cystic acne
Cystic acne is characterized by hard bumps below the surface of your skin. While these pimples may have pus deep inside them, it may be difficult to identify any prominent “heads.”
P. acnes bacteria are one contributor to cystic acne, which benzoyl peroxide may help treat in combination with prescription medications.
Keep in mind that benzoyl peroxide is not the primary treatment modality for cystic acne. If you have this type of acne,
Benzoyl peroxide for blackheads and whiteheads
Blackheads and whiteheads are still considered acne. However, they are
While benzoyl peroxide can help treat oil and dead skin cells that clog pores, it may not be the best treatment option for blackheads and whiteheads.
While benzoyl peroxide does help treat certain types of acne, topical retinoids, including adapalene 0.3% and tretinoin, are considered the first line of treatment.
Some adapalene products, such as Differin Gel 0.1%, are available OTC. Tretinoin products require a prescription.
Your dermatologist can determine if a more potent retinoid would be appropriate.
Benzoyl peroxide comes in the form of many acne treatment products. It’s important to select the right one for your skin care concern as well as preference. For example, you may prefer to use a wash formulated specifically for your body rather than your face. Or you might decide to choose a gel.
Another key is to choose the appropriate concentration. The concentration you choose may depend on your skin. Some people can tolerate products with a high percentage of benzoyl peroxide (up to 10%) on their skin, while others may prefer a lower percentage.
What concentration to use also depends on where you apply the benzoyl peroxide. The face is sensitive, so many choose to use a lower concentration (around 4% in that area, while the chest and back are more resilient and can tolerate a higher concentration.
Benzoyl peroxide may be found in the following acne treatment products:
- acne creams and lotions: typically applied once or twice a day on the entire area of skin as both a treatment and preventive measure
- face washes and foams: used once or twice a day to help prevent acne and treat existing lesions
- acne body washes and soaps: ideal if you have frequent breakouts on the chest, back, and other areas of the body
- gels: tend to come in the form of spot treatments with higher concentrations and are typically applied only to the affected area
How to use benzoyl peroxide gel
- Wash your hands.
- Rinse the affected area with a mild skin cleanser and water.
- Gently pat your skin dry.
- Apply a thin layer of gel on all the affected areas.
- Wash your hands again.
How to use benzoyl peroxide wash
- Wash your hands.
- Wet the area you want to treat.
- Put a small amount of the product onto your hands.
- Apply it to the affected area.
- Keep it on your skin for no more than 1 to 2 minutes.
- Rinse your face thoroughly with water.
- Gently pat your skin dry.
- Wash your hands again.
While considered safe for most people, benzoyl peroxide can cause side effects. This is especially true when first using the product.
It may be helpful to use it once a day and then build up the frequency of application over time if your skin can tolerate it. Starting with a lower concentration can also minimize side effects.
Talk with a dermatologist if you experience the following side effects and precautions of using benzoyl peroxide for acne.
Skin side effects
Skin side effects can include:
- dryness
- redness
- peeling
You might also notice a burning or stinging sensation at the site of application.
Don’t use benzoyl peroxide if you have a sunburn.
Stained clothing and hair
Benzoyl peroxide is known for staining clothing and hair. Wash your hands thoroughly after each use.
You might also consider skipping an application right before a workout so you don’t transfer the product to your hair and clothing via sweat.
Allergic reactions
While allergic reactions from benzoyl peroxide are considered rare, they are still possible. Stop using the product immediately if the treated areas have swelling or blistering.
You should go to an emergency room right away if you have severe swelling and breathing difficulties, as these may be signs of an allergic reaction.
Benzoyl peroxide and skin conditions
A dermatologist may not recommend benzoyl peroxide or recommend less use if you have sensitive skin, as you may be more prone to side effects such as rashes and irritation.
Benzoyl peroxide also might not be the best choice if you have eczema or seborrheic dermatitis.
When to see a doctor
No acne product, including benzoyl peroxide, will clear up your blemishes and scars overnight. It can take anywhere from two to four months for new products to take full effect.
If you don’t see any improvements after this time frame, consider seeing a dermatologist. They might recommend a prescription-strength formula, especially if your acne is severe. They may also recommend an entirely different treatment option.
Be prepared to answer questions about your acne and its severity so your dermatologist can determine the best treatment option possible. They will also conduct a skin exam to see the type of acne you have.
Benzoyl peroxide is one of the many options available for treating acne. It can help treat inflammatory acne lesions and related scarring. It’s most helpful when used together with other treatments, such as topical retinoids.
Still, everyone’s skin is different, and benzoyl peroxide may not work for all. Give any new acne product several weeks to take full effect.
See a dermatologist if OTC products aren’t working or if you develop a negative reaction to benzoyl peroxide.