Research has found that being exposed to a high level of air pollution may increase your risk of developing dementia. While it isn’t yet fully understood how this happens, scientists have identified that fine particulate matter (PM), specifically PM2.5, is what causes these negative health effects.

Fine PM are tiny particles that arise from pollutants like smoke and soot. The National Institute of Health reports that they can reach deep into the lungs and bloodstream, and may eventually enter the brain, where they can cause direct damage and result in symptoms of dementia.

Further research is still needed to confirm a specific cause.

Alzheimer’s disease is the main cause of dementia, contributing to up to 70% of cases globally. The condition is progressive, meaning it gets worse over time.

It’s currently unknown whether air pollution specifically contributes to the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, another type of dementia, or all types of dementia. Further research is still needed.

There are several other factors that can also increase your risk of developing dementia. This includes:

Over time, destruction of nerve cells in the brain reduces brain function, causing symptoms of dementia, such as memory loss, difficulty focusing, and trouble thinking.

There isn’t a guaranteed way to prevent dementia. However, certain lifestyle measures can help to reduce your risk of developing the condition.

This includes:

  • Staying active. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend doing 150 minutes of physical activity each week.
  • Managing health conditions. Managing conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help to prevent or delay dementia.
  • Limiting or avoiding alcohol and smoking. This can help reduce your risk of brain injuries and high blood pressure, which can, in turn, lower the risk of developing dementia.

If you live or work in an area where there’s a lot of pollution in the outside air around you, there are several things you can do to protect yourself from poor air quality:

  • wear masks that cover your mouth and nose
  • limit time outdoors where possible, especially near air pollution sources
  • use air filters around your home